1. As time passed power began to come into the hands of 2 types of leaders: __________ and ___________.

2.The pope was the ______________________________________________________________________.

3. A “bull” was a letter written by the pope to explain__________________________________________________.

4. To “Excommunicate” means to ___________________________________________________________.

5. A person who died while excommunicated would _________________________________________.

6. Looking at the map on P261, the pope lived in what city ?

7. Europe’s most powerful kings ruled these 3 countries : a. ____________, b. ______________, and 

     c. ____________________________________________

8. looking at the “Views of Power” , Pope Gregory said:

       “priests of Christ are to be considered masters of ________, _________, and of all________________."

9. According to Emperor Henry IV __________had chosen the King.

10. Holy Roman Emperors didn’t  inherit their crowns. Instead, they were

       ________________ by the ______________________.

11. In the mid- 1000’s popes began to increase their authority over __________  ___________.

12. _____________________________________________refused to recognize the supremacy of the pope.

13. The permanent split in the church formed the ___________________ Church in the east, and the

          ___________ _____________Church in the west.

14. Kings thought that they should be able to select ____________ in their countries.

       _______ argued that only they could choose religious officials.

15. Pope___________ disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor _________________.

16. Henry convinced Germany’s bishops to __________________________________.

      The Pope called on the Holy Roman Empire’s nobles to ____________________________.

17. Standing outside in the snow for 3 days, what did Henry want from the Pope ?

                                                            THE CRUSADES –P 264

18. The Crusades were  a long series of ________________________________________________

      in Palestine , also called the __________  ___________.

19. Pope Urban called on Christians to retake the _________  _________ from the __________  _________.

20.Crusade means “___________________________”.

21.  Give the 3 reasons people left home to fight in a distant land:

     a. ___________________________________

     b._________________and ______________________

     c. _________________

22. Some of the first crusaders were ______________who attacked___________.

23. Most of the crusaders were killed by _______________troops (soldiers).

24. In 1099 the Crusaders took the city of _____________________ and set up 

       __________________________________ in the Holy Land.

25. The Second Crusade failed because of _________  _________ and ___________   ______________.

26. The Third Crusade began because the ___________retook ______________________.

27. The German king _________, the French king _______, and only King __________of England stayed in

       the Holy Land.

28. ________________ was the leader of the Muslim forces.

29. Richard captured __  ______  _________ and won protection for Christian pilgrims but

       _________________ remained in Muslim hands.

30. In the Fourth Crusade French knights attacked the city of __________________________ and carried off

      many treasures.

31.  Four reasons the Crusades failed were :

     a.  Crusaders had to ____________  __________  ________________ b. fight in _______  __________

     c. Crusaders were ___________________ d.  leaders_________  ___________  ____________________

32.  Three effects of the Crusades were :a.______________grew   b. _________ increased power 

                                                                 c. ______ and ____________ distrusted Christians.